定语从句讲解
【定语从句讲解】定语从句是英语中非常重要的语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,使句子更加具体、清晰。它由关系代词或关系副词引导,并在句中充当定语成分。掌握定语从句的用法,有助于提高英语表达的准确性和复杂性。
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句是一种从句,用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词(称为先行词)。它通常由关系代词(如 who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如 when, where, why)引导。
- 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
- 关系词:连接主句和从句的词,同时在从句中充当一定的语法成分。
二、定语从句的分类
根据关系词的不同,定语从句可以分为以下几类:
| 类型 | 关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
| 限制性定语从句 | that, which, who, whom, whose | 不能省略,对先行词起限定作用 | The book that I bought is very interesting. |
| 非限制性定语从句 | which, who, whom, whose | 可以省略,对先行词作补充说明 | My brother, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor. |
| 关系代词从句 | that, which, who, whom, whose | 关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语 | The man who is standing there is my teacher. |
| 关系副词从句 | when, where, why | 关系副词在从句中作状语 | I remember the day when we met. |
三、关系代词的使用规则
| 关系代词 | 指代对象 | 在从句中作什么成分 | 例子 |
| who | 人 | 主语 | The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister. |
| whom | 人 | 宾语 | The man whom you saw is my uncle. |
| whose | 人/物 | 所有格 | The student whose father is a doctor is in our class. |
| which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | The book that I gave you is very useful. |
四、关系副词的使用规则
| 关系副词 | 指代对象 | 在从句中作什么成分 | 例子 |
| when | 时间 | 状语 | I still remember the time when we studied together. |
| where | 地点 | 状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why | 原因 | 状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
五、定语从句的注意事项
1. that 和 which 的区别:
- 在限制性定语从句中,that 和 which 可以互换,但 that 更常用。
- 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用 which,不能用 that。
2. who 和 whom 的区别:
- who 在从句中作主语。
- whom 在从句中作宾语,但在口语中常省略。
3. 关系代词的省略:
- 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略,尤其是 that 或 which。
- 例如:The man (that) I saw is my teacher.
4. 避免重复:
- 不要重复使用先行词,如:
❌ The boy who is tall is the one who is my friend.
✅ The boy who is tall is my friend.
六、总结
定语从句是英语中不可或缺的语法结构,能够使语言更丰富、表达更精确。通过理解关系代词和关系副词的用法,以及不同类型的定语从句,可以有效提升英语写作与口语能力。建议多做练习,熟练掌握其使用规则。
